North America Best Films

Enamorada – Melodrama at the Height of Mexico’s Golden Age

Enamorada Film Difficulty Ranking: 2

Enamorada is one of Mexico’s most iconic films, released at the height of the Mexican Golden Age of cinema. It’s also one of the most entertaining owing to the screwball romance of two stars at the height of their powers (Maria Felix and Pedro Armendariz) filled with slapstick gags. In the 10 years following the release of Alla en el Rancho Grande, Mexican dramas had: established a distinct style owing to cinematographer Gabriel Figueroa, developed a star system inspired by Hollywood, and continued to construct Mexican identity in the post-revolutionary years.

From: Mexico, North America
Watch: JustWatch, IMDb
Next: Doña Bárbara, Maria Candelaria, The Taming of the Shrew

The Director: Emilio Fernandez

It was a roller coaster journey that led Emilio Fernandez to become one of the most prolific directors of the Mexican Golden Age. He was born in Coahuila, closer to the U.S. than to the Mexican capital, but was brought into the political craziness by fighting alongside the northern generals in the Mexican revolution. As the revolution cooled down, Fernandez become disillusioned with the pro-U.S. actions of the Obregon government and revolted alongside de la Huerta. His participation in the uprising forced him into exile alongside de la Huerta in the U.S. After working odd-jobs in Texas and Chicago, Fernandez settled in Los Angeles, finding work as a stonemason for Hollywood studio construction and appearing as an extra in the occasional Hollywood film. His big moment came with the arrival of revolutionary filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein (Battleship Potemkin, October) from the USSR. Screenings of Eisenstein’s films and the fragments of Que Viva Mexico! (cobbled together posthumously in 1978) that Fernandez saw with his own eyes on the cutting room floor set his course for the Mexican film industry.

Fernandez was welcomed back to Mexico and to a film industry that was growing owing to the government of President Lazaro Cardenas which saw film as an opportunity to build national identity. Before taking to directing, he starred in Janitzio as the lead actor – one of the first sound films made in Mexico, and even appears in Alla en el Rancho Grande as a dancer. His directorial debut, La Isla de la Pasion, caught the eye of the Mexican film studio Films Mundiales, who brought him into the Mexican star system.

Five years later, and fresh off international success at Cannes with Maria Candelaria – a tragic tale from pre-revolutionary Mexico that won top prize at the Cannes film festival – Fernandez was one of the most sought after directors in town. To cement his reputation, he brought Mexican star system superstars Maria Felix (Dona Barbara) and Pedro Armendariz (Maria Candelaria) to Enamorada, and most importantly, the iconic style of one of the most important cinematographers in film history, Gabriel Figueroa.

The Iconic Style of Gabriel Figueroa

Sure, Enamorada recruited some of the biggest stars to make it an assured success. However, the secret sauce was cinematographer Gabriel Figueroa. He was the cinematic cornerstone behind the Mexican Golden Age, providing the cinematic visuals for all the big films from the start to the end, from Alla en el Rancho Grande (1936) to Macario (1960).

So where did an orphan that grew up in Mexico City at the height of the Mexican revolution find his style? One piece of the puzzle is legendary cinematographer, Gregg Toland (Citizen Kane). When the family fortune bequeathed to Figueroa ran dry, he was sent to the darkroom to make a living from still photography. His work caught the eye of a prominent politician who gave him a scholarship to study in Hollywood under Toland. It was here that he developed his chiaroscuro style from the deep focus and lighting Toland was known for (see below for a perfect example of Figueroa’s chiaroscuro style in Maria Candelaria below)

Maria Candelaria (1944)

To build his own style, Figueroa incorporated the powerful and bold images of the Mexican muralists. This integrated a distinctly Mexican artistic legacy that linked Figueroa’s style to the pre-Colombian Mayan artists at Bonampak (see here) and the modern, politically charged murals of Rivera, Orozco, and Siquieros amongst others. Compare the two images below and you can see how Figueroa used the bold dynamic styles of the modern muralists in his work to great effect.

Orozco, Zapatistas (1931) vs. Figeuroa, Maria Candelaria (1944)

Lastly, a quick shout-out to Figueroa for the following two incredible musical numbers in Enamorada.

Ave Maria sung by the church choir as General enters the church. Instead of just showing the choir or the General, Figueroa cuts between the two with images of the lavishly decorated cathedral ceiling to show the power of the church over everyone in Mexico regardless of class.
My personal favorite – La Malaguena Salerosa sung by a few mariachi hired by the General. The editing in this scene is gold – the extreme close up of the eyes of Maria Felix (Beatriz) as the music starts, and a camera which gradually pulls away from her as she loses her conceit. Then the shots of the General sweating and seen down below through the balustrades of Maria’s balcony – a class below, that Beatriz must descend for the future of Mexico!

Simply put, Gabriel Figueroa is a genius that is well worth his reputation amongst the greats.

Reinforcing Mexican identity

Just as Alla en el Rancho Grande romanticized the Porfirian haciendas of pre-revolutionary Mexico, Enamorada romanticized the revolution itself. The revolutionary trauma was still fresh and the brutality portrayed in earlier films like Vamonos con Pancho Villa (1936) brought back the horrors of the endless war. Instead of depicting the honest brutality of the revolution, Fernandez used it to evoke national pride, adding to the identity building that de la Fuentes started with Alla en el Rancho Grande.

How does he do it? He ties together the lives of a rough revolutionary general with a spoiled daughter of a wealthy landowner in Cholula in a light-hearted comedy and shows that when the classes unite, Mexico will march forward (as shown in a powerfully patriotic final shot). Two bonuses additions further reinforce Mexican pride in this film:

Lower class General Juan Jose wins Beatriz’ hand from an American. Big patriotic bonus points for this, as the U.S. was never well regarded in Mexico after the invasions of 1846 and 1914, as well as for controlling many of Mexico’s natural resources (Mexico was its most united in 1938 when Cardenas nationalized Mexican oil).
The catholic church is the glue that brings the General and Beatriz together, ironing out their differences and miscommunication. As a fiercely catholic nation – seeing the church as the mediator promoted the role of La Guadalupana moving forward especially in recent presidencies which were fiercely anti-clerical.

Through it’s narrative, Enamorada reframed the Mexican revolution as a war that united the country and set it on course for a positive future.

What to Watch Next

For more films from the prolific director Emilio Fernandez, go back in time and check out Flor Silvestre (1943) and Maria Candelaria (1944) and then go forward in time to watch La Perla (1947) and Rio Escondido (1948).

If you’re looking for more comedy from the Golden Age, the answers are Cantinflas, Ahi esta el detalle (1940), and Tin Tan, El Rey del Barrio (1950).

For more high profile films that captivated the nation, try the most popular film from the Mexican Golden Age – Nosotros los Pobres (1948) – featuring Pedro Infante. You could also watch Infante rap battle Jorge Negrete in Dos Tipos de Cuidado (1953).

Roma – Mexico City Bathed in Black & White Beauty

Roma Film Difficulty Ranking: 3

If you love great film or want to be guided around 1970s Mexico City, you’ve come to the right place. Roma is one of the best films you’ll see this century. It’s stream of consciousness narrative feels like life and memory, and the acting and cinematography is a visual treat. Open you’re mind and immerse yourself in Roma.

From: Mexico, North America
Watch: Trailer, Netflix
Next: 8½, Boyhood, Ixcanul

I am Cuba – A Soviet Made Masterpiece

I Am Cuba Film Difficulty Ranking: 3

Soviet-made Cuban films don’t do half measures, they go all in. I am Cuba is no exception. The cinematography is more stylish than most films you’ll ever see and some of the shots are truly unforgettable. Add in Cuban history from the 1920s to the 1950s and you’ve got one truly epic film.

From: Cuba, North America
Watch: Trailer, Watch on Amazon
Next: Lucia, Battle of Algiers, Battleship Potemkin

Moonlight

Film Buff Ranking: 1

Moonlight (2016 film).png Is Moonlight a future Oscar winner? It is everything an Oscar winner should be: beautifully shot, emotional, powerful. Furthermore it is also what the Oscars have lacked: a great non-biographical black film. This film reminded me of the early chapters of Ta-Nehisi Coate’s Between the World and Me or Kendrick Lamar’s Good Kid, M.A.A.D City because it shows the influence of environment on people. We are not always what we portray on the outside.

Why Watch Moonlight?

Change the way you think about people – did you know that the script writer was taught how to ride a bike by a drug dealer who saw him struggling to learn?
For beautiful Miami cinematography – sweat glistening in the moonlight
Could this be an Academy Award winner?
Is sexuality the biggest taboo in Western society?

The Breakdown

The first things we hear are Boris Gardiner’s ‘Every N****r Is a Star’ playing on a car radio. The driver, Juan, parks his car and walks over to another guy standing on the side of the road. They chat small talk to each other – the drug selling is all good. As Juan walks back to his car a kid runs past him, chased by a group of kids. The kid runs into an abandoned house and hides as the others throw stones through the window. Later, Juan tears down one of the window boards where the young kid is hiding and takes him under his wing.

Split into three chapters portraying another stage of Chiron’s life, Moonlight tracks Chiron’s progression. In each, he is almost unrecognisable physically, as he transforms from little kid to lanky teenager to muscly man. However, his eyes never change – he is always the shy kid found by Juan in chapter one.

In the final chapter you can see that Chiron has tried to bury the person he is. This is emphasised in the music he plays in his car. His music is ‘chopped and screwed’ – aka it is slowed down, scratched up, and cut up. You often can’t recognise music which has been ‘chopped and screwed’. Similarly you can’t recognise Chiron. He has been ‘chopped and screwed’ like the music. The person he was has been distorted so much that we no longer recognise him.

Conclusion

Moonlight is not just a ‘black film’, Moonlight is a universal film that sheds a light on everyone who cannot be who they are. It applies to those who try to repress their sexuality, those who try to fit in by being someone they are not, and those who cannot be who they want. Most people have compromised their self to fit in at some point (at school or beyond).

In a similar way, this film never tries to be something pretentious or important. It has no idols or figures to be revered like the fiction or non-fictional films featured at the Academy Awards before. This is a real story in a sea of films filled with their own self-importance. Go and watch it!

My Sources - The Director, Screenwriter, and Cast — My Sources – The Director, Screenwriter, and Cast

It’s Such A Beautiful Day

Film Difficulty Ranking: 2

I have to admit, I had never heard of Don Hertzfeldt or It’s Such A Beautiful Day before I saw this film recommended on MUBI. But, for all of those sceptical about the artistic quality of animation (do these people still exist?) this one is a must watch. Combining hand-drawings with philosophy musings, I am looking forward to watching more from this obviously talented director.

Why Watch It’s Such A Beautiful Day?

It’s in English – no subtitle allergic excuses here.
Evidence that even you could animate – all you need is a pencil and a camera.
To see the darkly funny life of Bill.
Animation at it’s most innovative and interesting.

It’s A Beautiful Day opens with a shot looking up at trees swaying in the breeze and clouds passing by. A narrative starts, introducing us to Bill, a stick-figure man, walking down the street. Bill recognises someone approaching him, but cannot remember his name. As they get closer, he still can’t find a name to match this familiar face. As they pass he jumbles his greeting, saying “how’s up?” and keeps walking. They awkwardly look around at the same time but keeping walking away from each other. Bill never saw him again.

Ahh! I’ve tried to give you a sample of the opening scene of this film but the comedy doesn’t translate too well. So go watch the film! Pretty sure it’s on Netflix!

This film is different from other animations, and other films for that matter, in that it has a narrator for the whole movie. Someone else is commentating on Bill’s life, which made me feel like an obvious observer, unlike the immersive “I feel like I’m there with them” approach. However, don’t be put off by this, as it really works for this film. The humour is amplified by our third person perspective as we can identify with Bill for the funny moments, and not be too immersed in the film to identify with Bill in the darker moments (allowing the dark comedy to exist).

The split screen elements are kind of cool too. The whole film is shot through little windows into Bill’s life (you’ll see what I mean when you start watching it). The windows represent Bill’s world; his hopes and happiness and his fears and worries. The windows expand with hope and happiness, and contract and split up when Bill faces problems. Outside art also makes appearances to exacerbate both his happiness and his negative emotions. In this way, Hertzfeldt effectively portrays the emotional ups and downs of a stick figure – creative guy!

My favourite scene was of Bill sitting on a bus as rain pours. He is framed in a centre window with four windows in each corner of the screen with different pictures of rain falling. The music reaches an emotional crescendo in this scene and really helps us feel Bill’s emotions. (Amazingly powerful considering Bill is just a little stick-figure).

I’d recommend this film to any fan of animation and any fan of listening and watching ordinary lives with a handful of philosophical thought. I hope that you, like I will be planning to watch some more Hertzfeldt after viewing this one!